Emphysema Chronic Pulmorary Disease - 745 Words

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The name emphysema comes from greek. There are about 20 million victims that suffer from this disease every year. This sickness is mostly caused by smoking. A cigarette has more than 4,800 chemicals inside it. There is about 70% of adults that start to smoke at the age of 18. (lung.org) Statistics say that cigarettes are the highest reasons that emphysema is the cause (health central). Strong chemicals that people smoke like tobacco release chemicals from the patients lungs and damage them. The reason why cigarettes are a cause of emphysema is because it has tobacco in it and there is many people that smoke. Tobacco is a green plant and it grows in warm weather. Tobacco also cause other illnesses like lung cancer. Patients body has many cells , if the patient is healthy the person only produces new cells when its needed , patients that have this illness destroy the cells that is needed in the body. If patients don’t get treated as soon as they find out the lungs damage more as the time passes. Emphysema is the fourth reason of patients dying . Emphysema often occurs after the age of 35. Lungs have 90 percent that is filled with pure air and just 10 percent is solid tissue . Another cause for this disease is genetic syndrome. Genetic syndrome are c aused by DNA genetics, which people get from parents. Usually a bad chronic cough is the first and major symptom of emphysema. Patients usually get

Unit guide Free Essays

It will look at the evolution of risk, the requirements for risk management, the risk management process and steps, and the application of risk management. Mode of Delivery Coalfield (Evening) 3 hours per week Additional workload requirements This is a six credit point unit with three hours class contact per week over 12 teaching weeks. It is expected that you will spend, on average, nine hours in self-directed study each week, in addition to the three hours of class contact. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Self-directed study for a particular unit may exceed nine hours during weeks preceding an in-semester test, submission of a major assignment or final examination. The feedback is anonymous and provides the Faculty with evidence of aspects that students are satisfied 1 For more information on Manama’s educational strategy, see: www. Monish. Deed. AU/ about/Monish-directions/ and on student evaluations, see: www. Policy. Monish. Deed/ policy-bank/academic/education/quality/student-evaluation-policy. HTML Previous Student Evaluations of this Unit Student feedback has highlighted the following strengths of this unit: (1) ‘great delivery’ and (2) ‘aligned with the real world’. Student feedback has also contributed to continuous improvements, including ‘more practice examples’. Classes may consist of group presentations, case studies, discussions and completion of assigned work. The lecture sessions will cover significant points of the topics (see Unit Schedule), and may be used to discuss a aspect of each topic, but rather provide a framework of the important theoretical concepts and practical issues. Given this framework students are expected to attend all classes and participate actively. In order to participate and to gain maximum benefit from the sessions, all the questions, set for each week, are to be attempted before the class for that week. At times in the class the lecturer will invite students to raise and discuss relevant issues and areas of concern. Students should take this opportunity, particularly in lass, to clarify areas of difficulty and to contribute actively to the discussion of the model answers to the set of weekly questions. 4 Students are expected to spend additional private study time and access the recommend readings, which are listed in this guide and on Blackboard. In addition to the recommended readings and sets of weekly questions, a number of past examinations and tests, together with model answers, are provided on Blackboard. These resources enable students to develop a mastery of the topics covered by the unit. To ensure a high probability of completing successfully this unit, students need o approach it in a systematic way. At a minimum this should involve: reading the prescribed material prior to each weekly session; preparing solutions to each set of questions prior to the session; attending sessions and participating in discussions of model answers; reviewing material from other references from time to time; and attempt relevant past examination and test questions. Assessment Summary Within semester assessment: 50% Examination: 50% Assessment Task Value Due Date Individual assignment 15% spin, 1 April 2014 25% spin, 13 May 2014 week 3 – week 12 on class) Examination 1 To be advised Hurdle Requirements There is a hurdle requirement in this unit. The learning outcomes in this unit require students to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the topics covered in the unit. This is demonstrated by the requirement that the student must attain a mark of at least 50% in the final examination. A student’s final mark is normally the sum of the marks obtained in all of the individual assessment items in the unit. Where a student fails the unit solely because of failure to satisfy the hurdle requirement, a mark of 48 will be returned for the unit. Second marking Where an assessment task is given a fail grade by an examiner, that piece of work will be marked again by a second examiner who will independently evaluate the work, and consult with the first marker. No student will be awarded a fail grade for an assessment task or unit without a second examiner confirming the result. Note: Exceptions to this are individual pieces of assessment contributing 10% or less of the final mark, unless the total of such pieces exceeds 30% of the final mark. Return of final marks Faculty policy states that ‘the final mark that a student receives for a unit will be determined by the Board of Examiners on the recommendation of the Chief Examiner taking into account all aspects of assessment’. The final mark for this unit will be released by the Board of Examiners on the date nominated in the Faculty Calendar. Student results will be accessible through the my. Gnash portal. Exam viewing Feedback on student performance in examinations and other end-of-semester assessment is required, in accordance with the University’s procedures on Unit www. Busses. Monish. Deed. AU/ABA/student/exam-view/index. HTML. Assessment Criteria Grading Descriptors available at: http://www. Busses. Monish. Deed. AU/eggs/gag/policies/assessment. HTML. Assessment Requirements Assessm ent task 1 Title: Due date: Details of task: Full details of the assessment task will be provided on Model along with all references required to complete the task. Word limit: 2,000 words Weighting’s: Presentation requirements: Referencing requirements: Work submitted for assessment must be consistent with the guidelines set down in the Q Manual, which is the faculty’s student guide for producing quality work on time. Marks may be deducted where in-text citations and/or the reference list is not insistent with the American Psychological Association (PAPA) style, which is illustrated in the Q Manual. Plagiarism: In order to ensure the academic integrity of your submission and to deter others from copying your work, your submission may be processed by a plagiarism checker such as Turning. The University’s plagiarism policy is available online. Estimated return date: Marked assignments will be returned to you during week 7. If you do not attend the class in week 7, you may collect your assignment from your tutor during consultation times from week 8 onwards. You should retain the marked copy of your submission until the final results for the unit are released. Criteria for marking: Overall, the work submitted for assessment will be graded in accord with the table showing examples of grades and corresponding achievement levels published in the Q Manual (2012, p. 6). A detailed marking guide will be provided on Model. Learning This assessment task is designed to test your achievement of learning objectives 1 , 3, 4 and 5. Submission details: Assignments should be submitted electronically and in hardcopy via the department assignment box at Level 3, Building H. Work submitted for assessment must be accompanied by a completed and signed assignment coversheet. Penalties for late lodgment: A penalty of 10% of the total mark allocated to this assessment task will be deducted for each day, or part thereof, it is late. Applications for an extension of time allocated to an in-semester assessment task must be made by completing the application form. The application form must be submitted to the Chief Examiner for consideration no later than two university working days after the due date. Assessment task 2 references required to complete the task 3,000 words How to cite Unit guide, Papers

Intra Organization and Power Bargaining Model free essay sample

Intra organization is a key factor to the beginning stages of how successful a bargaining unit will be in negotiations. Intra organization is when each respective in a particular bargaining unit works towards a consensus. The inability to agree within ones bargaining unit slows down the process and can create dysfunction. Negotiating starts within each bargaining unit during pre-bargaining preparation. This is where discussion and negotiations begin within each bargaining unit to decide what is most important to least importance. Once the pre-bargaining preparation process is complete, the bargaining unit is ready to negotiate against the other bargaining unit. There were many forces that impacted our Intra-organizational bargaining. First we all had our individual perception on what was most important and what was least important. This had a lot to do with our personalities, attitudes, values and beliefs. For example, depending on our personalities, those who were shy didn’t get to fully express how they felt about their issue. On the other hand those in the bargaining unit who were out spoken would make it a point to not let up and fight for their concerns. Our bargaining unit had a variety of issues we wanted to push to get into the contract. We had to decide what we considered a must haves and what can be used as a bargaining chips. Discussions continued until we all had a good idea where our stance was as a bargaining unit with each issue. The end result of our intra-organization bargaining was difficult but successful. We were able to agree on what issues were most and least important to our bargaining members. We had a few bargaining representatives who were concerned with subcontracting and their job security. Then we have other members who felt subcontracting was irrelevant but having a flexible schedule was above all else. My concern was to allow management to keep their managing power in order to continue to be strong in this competitive market. I needed innovative ideas to create progress within the company, while building opportunity for our members. We agreed that machinist would get a 6% increase and nothing less. We wanted a wage increase across the board for all employees, but our team agreed if we can give employees other benefits outside of pay increase; we would still be in good stance. We understood that we should negotiate taking subcontracting out of the contract, and use it as a bargaining chip. While understanding that our bottom line in regards to subcontracting was the language; we wanted to make sure management doesn’t have full reigns. We would allow management the option to subcontract but at the same time put limitations to subcontracting with the language used in the contract. As a bargaining unit we knew that changing and adding into the contract different aspects such as, flexible schedules, use of vacation, adding health and safety and an apprentice program would help our overall contract negotiation process. Bargaining Power Model Bargaining Power Model a is held by both parties during negotiation process. Its Another important concept is the Bargaining Power Model. Both Union and Management have agreement and disagreement costs. Unions lower managements bargaining power when they receive financial supplements. On the other hand managements disagreements cost can decrease with the lack of need when it comes to employees. Unions and managements bargaining power can change from one day to the next. Incidents such as inventory, supply and demand, wage-price controls, economic changes along with social changes have major influences in the bargaining power model. Under the power bargaining model there are two major assumptions. The first being that â€Å"union and mangament negotiators cost issues in a similar manner and are rational individuals, and if it cost more for a party to disagree than to agree with the other, then the party will agree to the other party’s proposal. (labor relations process) As the union bargaining unit we have decieded to negotiate a win win bargaining strategy or also refered to Mutual gain bargaining. This strategy is used whern both partys negotiate in away where both needs are displayed and honesty takes the leading roll in negotiations. This strategy seemed to work well with our negotiation process considering we were able to pin point wehre we saw a common ground and dominate those areas. On the other hand we understood what was important to management and see what we can use to lower the cost of agreeing with management on specified issues. e understood that we have a lot of bargaining power considering 95% of employees are in the Union. We put that into consideration as we decided what it was we were going to negotiate and what type of resilience we were going to set for each issue. My Union bargaining member profile was Union International Representative. I had to be sure to negotiate a win-win contract. I wanted to make sure management kept their administrative rights, while implementing new programs to keep union bargaining members happy. My main objective was to make sure it was clear that a great contract is when both parties bargain in good faith. Showing to the members of the union that management is working with the and both parties want to make positive changes within the company for all employees. Implementing new programs such as apprenticeship along with health and safety article will bring positive reinforcement to union members and all members. This helped us come up with strategies to bargain an all-around good contract.